氮肥运筹对强筋小麦旗叶生理性状及产量的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Application on Physiological Traits of Flag Leaves and Grain Yield of Strong Gluten Wheat

以优质强筋小麦品种‘郑麦9023’为材料,进行了等氮量不同追氮时期对其旗叶生理性状与产量调控作用的研究。结果表明,等氮量不同追氮时期对旗叶叶绿素和全氮含量及产量均存在明显影响。小麦旗叶叶绿素和全氮含量以及穗粒数、千粒重和产量均以孕穗期追施氮肥(60%)最好,而穗数以拔节期追施氮肥最多,并且,孕穗期追肥与拔节期追肥、返青期追肥和氮肥全部底施相比,小麦产量分别提高了1.8%、6.2%和9.9%,由此表明,小麦生长发育初期少施氮肥,中后期重追施氮肥,不仅能够为小麦生长快速期提供充足的氮肥供应,提高旗叶叶绿素和全氮含量以及氮素转运率,防止叶片早衰,而且对于增加小麦穗粒数,促进大穗形成、提高千粒重和产量均具有积极的作用。

Using cultivar ＇Zhengmai9023＇,field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrogen application on physiological traits of flag leaves and yield of strong gluten wheat.The results indicated that there was significant difference among nitrogen application.The chlorophyll and nitrogen content of flag leave,kernels of per spike,1000-kernal weight and grain yield of booting-applying treatment were best （60%）,but no of spike of early jointing-applying treatment was most.Meanwhile,compared to those of complete base-applying,re-growth stages and early jointing-applying treatments （60% of the total nitrogen）,the grain yield of wheat was increased by 1.8%,6.2% and 9.9%,this showed that little applying nitrogen of early stages and more applying nitrogen of later stages both provided adequate nitrogen for fast growing stages of wheat and increased chlorophyll content and prevented leave premature,meanwhile,it was positive important to improve kernels of per spike and form big spike and increased 1000-kernal weight and grain yield.