苹果早期落叶病广谱拮抗菌株的筛选、鉴定与抑制作用研究

Isolation,Identification and Antagonistic Activity of Biocontrol Strain against Apple Early Defoliation Disease

采用平板对峙法、平皿叶片法,从苹果树根际土壤样品中分离筛选得到7株苹果早期落叶病广谱拮抗菌株,其中菌株BS24对苹果早期落叶病主要病害斑点落叶病和褐斑病的病原菌拮抗效果最佳,抑菌带宽度分别为9.5mm、9.2mm。综合菌株形态特征、生理生化特征及16S rDNA序列分析,将其鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。试验表明菌株BS24无细胞培养滤液可显著抑制苹果早期落叶病主要病原菌的菌丝生长和孢子萌发。菌株抑菌谱较广,对苹果其他几种病害如灰斑病、圆斑病、轮斑病、腐烂病、轮纹病、炭疽病等的病原菌均有明显拮抗效果。菌株BS24具有良好的苹果早期落叶病生防应用的潜力。

7 isolates with broad-spectum antagonistic activity against Apple Early Defoliation Disease were screened from 124 isolates. Strain Bs2g was the most effective one with the width of inhibition zone 9.5 mm and 9.2 mm against Altemaria aItemata f. sp. Malt and Marssonina coronaga （Ell Et Davis） Davis, and was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Cell-free culture filtrate could also strongly inhibit the mycelial growth and conidia germination of A]temaria aItemata f. sp. Malt and Marssonina coronaria （Ell Et Davis） Davis. Strain BS24 had broad-spectrum angonistic activity against several other diseases of apple such as Phyllosticta pirina, Phyllositic solitaria, Alternada Mali, Bolyosphoma berengeriana, Physalospora pirieola and Glanerella cingulata. Strain BS24 had great potential of application in the field control of Apple early defoliation disease.