土地整理区生物—理化改良技术研究综述

Review and Preview Research on Integrated Soil Amelioration Techniques for Biology, Physics and Chemistry in Land Consolidation Areas

对土地整理区土壤的生物、物理、化学改良技术措施进行了回顾和展望,寻找存在的不足,探讨今后的研究方向。研究表明:(1)土地整理区的生物改良措施主要是施用蚯蚓和生物菌肥,通过两者的施用可以明显的改善土壤的理化性状;(2)土地整理区的物理改良措施主要是机械深松,主要用于解决土地整理区的土壤压实问题;(3)土地整理区的化学改良措施主要是化肥的施用,用于改善土壤肥力和土壤生物学性质。现有的土地整理区生物—理化改良措施可以比较明显的改善整理区土壤质量状况,但也存在着一些不足:(1)土地整理区生物—理化的联合改良技术应用较少;(2)深松联合作业机械的通用性较差,缺乏土地整理项目区标准化的深松设备和深松深度;(3)土地整理后短期内的土壤改良技术研究较少;(4)土地整理区生物—理化改良技术与整理施工结合不够紧密。以后的土地整理区生物—理化改良技术研究需在以上4个方面加强。

This paper reviewed and previewed the research on integrated soil amelioration techniques for biology, physics and chemistry. This paper can be concluded as： （1） application of earthworms and biofertilizers were two main biological amelioration techniques in land consolidation areas which can obviously ameliorate the physical and chemical properties of soil; （2） mechanical subsoiling was the main physical ameliorate technique utilized to solve the problem of soil compaction in land consolidation areas; （3） chemical fertilizer application was the main chemical ameliorate technique used to improve the soil fertility and soil biological properties in land consolidation areas. At present, the biological, physical and chemical ameliorate techniques can evidently increase soil quality but there were still some defectiveness need to be improved. Firstly, the integrated soil amelioration technique for biology, physics and chemistry was relative paid less attention. Secondly, the transferability of joint operation machineries was bad without standard of subsoiling machines and depth. Thirdly, research on the biological, physical and chemical ameliorate techniques in the short term after land consolidation was deficient. Lastly, the collaboration between biological, physical and chemical ameliorate techniques and consolidation construction was loose. Research in the four above aspects should be strengthened in the future.