微量元素对桉树苗木农艺性状的影响

Effects of Trace Elements on Agronomic Traits of Eucalypt Seedling

研究了不同水平微量元素营养液对3种桉树无性系苗木的死亡情况、苗高、地径、单株叶片数和分枝数农艺性状的影响。结果表明:各品种/无性系苗木在所有的测试性状中差异表现出极显著水平的影响。6个测试的微量元素因子中,Fe(B)和B(G)极显著地影响苗木的苗木死亡率,Fe(B)、Mo(F)和B(G)均显著地影响苗高、地径的生长,但Fe(B)和Mo(F)对苗木地径的作用只表现出在0.05水平上显著差异。在单株叶片数(级别)上,仅有微量元素Mo(F)因子效应不明显,在7个主效因子中对苗木叶片生长发育影响由强至弱的程度顺序为:无性系(A)>Fe(B)>Cu(E)>Mn(D)>Zn(C)>B(G)>Mo(F)。在苗木分枝数性状上,除桉树无性系外,B(G)也显著地影响苗木分枝分化。除此外在不同性状中各参试因子之间均存在着交互作用,特别是单株叶片数中,除因子BD外,建模中因子之间的交互作用很强,达到0.05以上的显著水平。不同营养液相应的对照结果表明不同无性系苗木之间品种效应和不同微量元素营养液差异极显著,无性系与营养液两者之间同样存在着显著的交互作用,表明在营养液中适宜的微量含量有利于苗木的苗木生长发育,即微量元素的丰亏会对桉树的生长产生影响,从而影响桉树林分质量。根据苗木各性状有效的回归统计模型和苗木质量要求,选择苗木成活率、苗木苗高、地径均大而苗木叶片数分级、分枝数比较小的最优微量元素营养液组合为DH32-29Fe(100)Zn(0)Mn(0)Cu(100)Mo(0)B(100)。

The effects of level and kind of trace elements on agronomic traits like dead seedling number, seedling height, basal diameter, leaf number and branch number in seedling from 3 eucalypt clones were studied by sand culture . The results showed that the growth and development of eucalypt seedlings had been influenced with different level and different trace element nutrition significantly. In the tested factors, the eucalypt clone was an important effective factor and had high significantly influenced on all traits. In the factors of wace elements, only Fe （B） and B （G） had high significant differences on dead seedling number, and Fe （B）, Mo（F） and B（G） had influenced on seedling height and basal diameter,but significances of Fe（B） and Mo （F） were at the 0.05 level. All factors except Mo（F） had significant effects on leaf number of seedling,the order of the main effects by factor rank from strong to weak was clone（A） 〉 Fe（B） 〉 Cu（E） 〉 Mn（D） 〉 Zn （C） 〉 B（G） 〉 Mo（F）. In the branch number of seedling, B （G） was another importance factor whose effect was high significant. There were also significant interactions between factors,for example , the interaction effects of factors in the model of seedling leaf number were almost significant. Compared with means of traits from different CK（ 50～58 combination）, it was found that the clone factor still was the most important main factor, another was nutrition solution with trace element, there were interaction effects of factors between clone and nutrition solution. The results showed that appropriate nutrition solution with trace elements were good for seedling growth and deveoplement, namely the content and form of trace elements had important effects on the eucalypt growth and yield of eucalypt plantation. At last by the regression model of all traits, the first 10 combinations of categorical factor levels were gotten on the base of quality requirement of seedling. DH32-29 Fe （100） Zn（0） Mn（0） Cu（100） Mo（0） B（100） were optimization and selected combinations of categoric factor levels.