“性别平等”的诉求、曲解与再认识——从丁玲的创作看女性主义和马克思主义的冲突与融合

Demand,Distortion and Reinterpretion of Sexual Equality——The Process from Confliction to Fusion between Feminism and Marxism in Dingling's Works

《三八节有感》表达了丁玲在性别平等议题上的深深困惑:何以阶级解放了,社会上仍然存在着大量的性别压迫现象?终其一生,她都未能获得真正的解答。除却时代的因素,传统马克思主义对于女性解放问题的阐释,也长久地困囿了丁玲及同时代作家的视野。艾莉森.贾格尔(Alison M. Jaggar)在继承马克思主义的前提下,提出了一个超越的新视角:用"异化"取代"阶级"、"压迫"等概念分析和理解女性解放命题。本文运用贾格尔提出的情感具有认知价值的观点,对丁玲的创作进行再解读,进而阐述社会主义女性主义对性别平等的再认识,及其可能产生的积极影响。

In ＂Reflections on Women＇s Day＂, published in 1942, Dingling expressed her deep perplexity： why are there still lots of sexual oppression even when the proletariat becomes the master of society？ The cause of the perplexity of Dingling and the authors at that time, we find, could be referred to the limitation of traditional Marxism, which was accepted as the theory for women liberation. Alison M. Jaggar, a contemporary feminist, creates a new viewpoint by developing Marxism. She uses the concept of ＂alienation＂ instead of ＂classes＂ and ＂oppression＂ to explain and analyse sexual oppression. In this paper, the meaning of sexual equality in Dingling＇s work is reinterpreted by using Jaggar＇s viewpoint. And the positive influence of Socialist Feminism on Marxism is also demonstrated.