城市化进程对北京城区降水影响探讨

Discussion on influence of urbanization on precipitation in Beijing

城市化的发展,城市下垫面条件的剧烈改变以及频繁的人类活动,引起城区降水特征的变化。通过收集北京不同城区代表性较好的1956—2007年不同历时降水资料,分别对老城区、新城区和近郊区的多年平均降水状况、年内分布特征、年际变化特征及短历时降水特征进行研究,并就结合城区发展状况对不同城区的降水特征进行对比分析。研究表明,受城市化的影响,城区降水具有强度大、历时短的特点,主要集中在60 min左右,且局部短历时暴雨呈增强的趋势;城市化对特短历时降水影响较为显著,同一频率的特短历时降水,老城区明显大于城近郊区。

With the development of urbanization,the city＇s dramatic changes in surface conditions,as well as frequent human activities,the characteristics of urban precipitation changes greatly.Based on the precipitation data of different city area during 1956-2007,the article analyzes the situation of multi-year average precipitation,the characteristics of inter-annual changes and short-duration precipitation.Research shows that precipitation in urban areas exhibits the characteristics of high intensity,short duration,with the rainfall mainly concentrated in 60min or so.And local short-duration rainstorm tends to increase.Compared with suburban areas,urbanization has significant effect on special short-duration precipitation.