温室番茄结果期产量和品质对水分亏缺的响应

Effects of Deficit Irrigation on Yields and Quality of Tomato in Green House at Maturing Stage

试验以甘肃武威市凉州区传统灌水量为对照(CK),设计3个灌水量水平CK、2/3CK、1/2CK,在番茄结果期研究亏缺灌溉对日光温室番茄累计产量及平均单果质量、品质、干物质分配及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,随着灌水量的减少,水分利用率显著提高,番茄果实中的可溶性固形物、可溶性蛋白、有机酸和Vc含量均增加,果实的累计采收量、平均单果质量呈现递减趋势,净效益降低较小,总干物质量则表现为2/3CK>CK>1/2CK。综合分析,2/3CK能够在结果期节水30%以上,果实品质有较大改善,且收益降低很小,是较好的处理。通过对灌溉水量、产量收益、灌溉水利用效率和净收益进行函数分析,发现当结果期灌溉水量为3 445.60 m3/hm2,即灌水定额为21 mm时,可以得到最大净收益为31.60万元/hm2,此时产量为188 550 kg/hm2。

In order to study the influence of deficit irrigation to cumulative output、average weight、quality、dry material distribution and water use efficiency of tomatoes in greenhouse at maturing stage,the experiment takes the local farmers in the district of Wuwei city in Gansu Province traditional irrigation quota as a contrast（CK）,designed three irrigation levels,CK,2/3CK,1/2CK.The results shows： with the irrigation quota decreased,the water use efficiency increased significantly,the content of soluble solid,soluble protein,organic acid and Vitamin C are all increased at some content,the average weight and cumulative outputs are decreased,but the dry material distribution illustrated 2/3CKCK1/2CK.Comprehensive analysis,2/3CK can conserve water more than 30%,the fruits of quality has improved considerably,but the pure income reduced less,is a better treatment.Through analysis the function relation between the total irrigation,yield benefit,irrigation water use efficiency and pure benefit,found that when the total irrigation reached 3 445.60 m3/hm2,that is the irrigation quota is 21 mm,can get the biggest pure benefit 31.60×104 Yuan/hm2,then the yield reached 188 550 kg/hm2.