膜下滴灌不同灌水处理对玉米形态、耗水量及产量的影响

Effects of Different Irrigation Treatment on Morphological Indexes,Water Consumption and Yield of Maize under Mulch Drip Irrigation

以大田玉米为试验材料,采用膜下滴灌,设置不同灌水处理方案,研究不同灌水处理对玉米植株形态、耗水量、产量和水分生产效率的影响。结果表明,膜下滴灌条件下土壤水分运移变化多在60 cm土层以上。玉米株高、茎节数与灌溉定额成正比例,灌溉定额高的处理(MDI-5)具有较高的株高、茎节数;各处理间叶片数差异不明显。膜下滴灌玉米全生育期耗水量随灌溉定额的增大而增大;灌溉定额大的处理阶段耗水量和耗水强度相对较大;各处理阶段耗水模系数差异不大。膜下滴灌玉米产量随灌水量的增加而增加;穗长、穗粗、穗粒质量、千粒质量等产量构成因素同样随灌溉定额增加呈递增趋势,穗粒数规律性不强,各处理间差异不显著。通过产量、耗水量及水分生产效率(WUE)对比分析,认为MDI-4的灌溉制度较好。研究结果可为新疆地区玉米膜下滴灌合理灌溉及增产节水提供参考依据。

By cultivating maize in field with mulched drip irrigation,a systematic study was conducted to the response of different irrigation treatment on morphological indexes,water consumption,yield and water use efficiency of maize during the growing period.The results indicated that soil water content changed significantly above the 60 cm soil layer.There was proportional relationship among Plant height,node numbers with irrigation quota.MDI-5 treatment had the highest plant height and node numbers.The number of leaves in each treatment was no significant difference.Water consumption of maize in the whole growth period was added with the irrigation quota increasing.Water consumption and its intensity in each growth stage that implemented more irrigation quota were relatively high.Mode coefficients in each growth stage of all treatments were similar.Ear length,ear diameter,ear weight,grain weight and yields were also increased with the increasing amount of irrigation.Regularity of the grains per spike that had no significant difference was not strong among treatments.Finally,compared with yield,water consumption and WUE,it is considered that the irrigation system of MDI-4 was better.The results would provide basis for determining reasonable irrigation,saving water and increasing yield of maize under mulch drip irrigation in Xinjiang areas.