4个普通小麦同核异质系的遗传特征研究

Studies of the Genetic Characters of Four Isonucleus-alloplasmic Lines of Common Wheat

培育出具有D2型细胞质的普通小麦核质杂种可育系D2-CA8057，来源于D2型细胞质变异的不育系msD2-CA8057和来源于普通小麦CA8057细胞质变异的不育系msA-CA8057。研究了这4个普通小麦同核异质系的遗传特征，结果表明：（1）3种异细胞质对普通小麦的产量和品质性状具有较好的遗传效应，具有核质杂种优势利用潜力。（2）不育系msA-CA8057与msD2-CA8057具有不同的花药和花粉败育特征，前者花粉败育在单核晚期，败育彻底且无淀粉粒积累；后者花粉败育起始于单核晚期，败育期长且有部分淀粉粒积累。（3）不育系msD2-CA8057具有较好的育性保持与恢复特征，恢复源广、可恢复度高；不育系msA-CA8057的育性容易保持但恢复困难，主要是恢复源少，但存在恢复度高的恢复源。从不同侧面评价了异质系及新不育系的利用价值，讨论了细胞质变异的可能原因及花粉败育类型与育性恢复性能的相关性。

NC-hybird D2-CA8057 with D2-type cytoplasm and the nucleus of common wheat CA8057, cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) line msD2-CA8057 resulting from the variation of D2-type cytoplasm and CMS line msD2-CA8057 resulting from the variation of CA8057 cytoplasm were bred. The genetic characters of the four isonucleus-alloplasmic line were studied, and the main results are as follows: (1) there were good genetic effects of cytoplasms on productive and qualitative characters of common wheat the alloplasmic lines had the potential of NC-heterosis. (2) CMS line msD2-CA8057 and msA-CA8057 had different degenerative characters of anthers and pollen grains, msD2-CA8057 degenerated from the later uninucleus-pollen stage to the binucleus-pollen stage and the pollen grains had starch grains, msA-CA8057 degenerated at the later uninucleus-pollen stage and the pollen grains had no starch grains. (3) msaD2-CA8057 and msA-CA8057 were easily maintained but different in the fertility behaviors, the former had wider restoring sources and high digree of restoing, the latter had few restoring scarces but there were strains with high restoring ability. The aPPlication value of alloplasmic lines and the two new CMS-patterns were evaluated from various aspects, the possible reasons of cytoplasmic variation and the relativity between degenerative pattern of pollen grain and the fertility behavior were discussed.