摘要
卢梭通过"公意"理论发展出了一套从"自然自由"到"道德自由"的理论,最终得出了当人们不服从社会规则所代表的"公意"时,就可以强迫他们服从的结论。以赛亚.伯林对卢梭的"强迫他人自由"进行了激烈的批判,认为这是由于卢梭将自由绝对性和社会规则的绝对性相等同而得出的结果。本文认为,卢梭使用的自由概念和伯林的自由概念是不同的,卢梭的自由理论不会导致奴役制度,在卢梭的理论中,"强迫他人自由"并不构成悖论。
Based on the concept of 'general will',Rousseau develops his theory of freedom,which leads to the conclusion that when people do not obey the 'general will',others can force them to be free.Isaiah Berlin strongly criticizes Rousseau’s conclusion,and considers that Rousseau’s mistake is to equate the absolute freedom with absolute social rules.In this article,I aim to argue (1) the concepts of freedom that Berlin uses are different from Rousseau’s;(2) Rousseau’s theory of freedom will not lead to slavery,as Berlin mistakenly claims;(3) in Rousseau’s theory,'force someone to be free' does not constitute a paradox.
出处
《政治思想史》
2011年第2期118-126,200,共9页
Journal of the History of Political Thought
关键词
卢梭
伯林
积极自由
公意
Rousseau
Berlin
positive freedom
general will
