几种多年生牧草冬春季节营养成分的含量变化

Changes of Nutrition Composition Content of Several Perennial Grasses in Spring and Winter

为了解牧草营养的季节性变化,为合理指导养殖生产提供参数与依据,采集毕节试验区不同产地冬春两季的紫花苜蓿、多年生黑麦草、菊苣3种多年生牧草样本,测定了概略养分、矿物元素、氨基酸和维生素含量。结果表明,冬季牧草的粗蛋白质、氨基酸、钙、磷、锌等营养元素含量高于春季;牧草不同种类和同一牧草在不同季节维生素种类、含量有明显变化,冬季和春季都有一些维生素不足;硒含量0.05~0.15 mg/kg,处于缺硒临界值;冬季牧草的含镉量1.6~2.0 mg/kg,超过国家饲料标准规定的含量允许范围。说明,毕节地区放牧家畜在春季日粮中需补充蛋白质饲料及钙、磷、锌等元素,要根据季节变化和草地牧草种类补充维生素,冬季要采取吸附技术等手段减少镉在饲草中的存留,以保证家畜健康与肉品食用安全。

The proximate nutrition,mineral element,amino acid and vitamin content of Medicago sativa,Lolium perenne and Cichorium intybus samples collected from different producing areas in Spring and Winter were detected to know seasonal changes of grass nutrition and to provide the scientific basis for cultivation of perennial grass.The results showed that the content of crude protein,amino acid,Ca,P and Zn of perennial grasses in Winter was higher than that in Spring,there was obvious difference in vitamin type and content of tested perennial grasses between Spring and Winter,the vitamin content of tested perennial grasses was insufficient in Spring and Winter,the Se content（0.05～0.15mg/kg） was in critical value of Se deficiency,and the Cd content（1.6～2.0mg/kg） in Winter exceeded the allowed band of national feed standard,which indicates that the daily ration for pasturestock should be supplied with protein feed,Ca,P and Zn in Spring,the Cd content in grasses should be reduced by using absorption technique in Winter and the vitamin content in daily ration should be supplied according to seasonal change and grass type for pasturestock health and meat safety in Bijie prefecture.