珠江三角洲典型城市机动车尾气排放的影响因素分析

Study of the impact of vehicle emissions factors of typical city in Pearl River area

机动车技术水平和道路路况是影响机动车尾气排放的两大因素。本文以中山、佛山和广州三个城市为代表城市,首先采用问卷调查和实时采集交通流视频的方式收集三个城市的机动车技术水平信息和道路路况,并分析了上述三个城市的燃油类型和累计行驶里程和交通流的分布特征。分析结果表明,各城市的机动车技术水平特征及差距,其中广州的出租车、公交车已规模推广环保型燃料,各类车型燃料使用比例不同使得尾气成分有一定差异;广州公交车累计行驶里程和年均行驶里程分布较靠后,公交系统的使用率较高;出租车年均行驶里程低于佛山、中山。在交通流分布上,广州总交通量大于中山;广州各级道路交通量呈梯度递减分布,小时交通量差距较大;中山仅国道承担较大范围的运输,其他各级道路分布形状统一,非工作类出行比例低。

The two major affecting vehicle exhaust emissions factors are vehicle technology and road traffic. Take Zhongshan, Foshan and Guangzhou three cities as the represented city, collecting the information of motor vehicle technology and road traffic though questionnaire survey and shooting real-time streaming video, furthermore, analyzing fuel type, accumulated mileage and the distribution of traffic flow of the three cities. The results show that, the characteristics of motor vehicles technical level of each city are different, the taxi and bus in Guangzhou has promoted environmentally fuels in large scale, the proportion of different types of vehicles fuel cause difference in exhaust components; Guangzhou Bus accumulated mileage show a longer average annual mileage, the usage of public transport system is the higher; the average annual mileage is lower than the level in Foshan and Zhongshan. In the aspect of traffic flow distribution, the total traffic volume in Guangzhou is larger than Zhongshan; the road traffic levels are in decreasing gradient distribution in Guangzhou, the big gaps exist between hour traffic volume; only National Highway take a broader range of transportation in Zhongshan, other roads levels are in the shape of the uniform distribution, non-working travel is low.