新疆小白杏的太阳能干燥试验研究

Experimental Study on Solar-air Drying of Xinjiang White Apricot

作为取之不尽且对环境无污染的能源,太阳能在农业干燥方面有着广泛的用途。为此,利用自主研制的整体式太阳能果蔬干燥装置,进行了太阳能干燥试验,研究了在不同处理方式、温度和风速条件下小白杏的干燥特性,得出不同条件下的干燥特性曲线。水洗处理可提高卫生指标,切分处理可提高干燥速度,提高干燥箱内热空气温度,可显著提高干燥速率,但温度不宜超过85℃;风速为5.5m/s时对干燥速率的影响不显著。最优条件:温度65℃、风速为11.5m/s下,用32h可将小白杏的含水率从79%降低至18%。该项先进的设备和技术还可用于其他果蔬干燥。

As an inexhaustible and environmentally friendly energy,solar energy has good potential in drying of agricultural products.This study explored the application of solar energy on drying of Xinjiang white apricot using integrative solar-air drier.The influences of preliminary treatment,air temperature and air velocity on microbial safety,drying rate and apricot quality were studied.Drying characteristic equations were established.Water flushing guaranteed better microbial safety,splitting the apricot increased the drying rate.Drying rate increased with the increase of air temperature and air velocity.But increasing air temperature above 85°C resulted in poor apricot quality and air speed had little effect on the drying rate above 5.5 m/s.Under optimized condition,where air temperature was 65°C and air velocity was 11.5m/s,it took 32 h to dry pitted apricot from 79% to 18% moisture content.The developed equipment and technology can be further applied to other fruit and vegetable drying processes.