分工演进与土地承包经营权股份化——一项土地股份合作社的调查及政策启示

Evolution of Labor Division and Stock-transforming of Contractual Management Rights of Land

在土地要素市场发育仍不完备的情况下,当前农村出现了大量的土地股份合作社,而大多数研究却忽视了土地要素市场与土地股份合作之间的异质性和替代性。一项来自江苏省苏中地区的调查表明,农民的职业分化为农户间分工合作提供了可能,家庭内部成员间的代际分工或性别分工推动了土地股份合作的发展。研究发现,农民从分工演进、合作及规模经济中的获益大于单纯的土地市场流转收益,从而使上述替代具有了理性的基础。于是,农民达成供给制度、组织创新的集体行动,以重复合作形式的稳定预期降低一次性合作的交易费用,以内部化的经济组织治理替代市场流转。

Though substitution of peasant household cooperatives for imperfect land rental market happens in rural China, present researches ignore substitution and heterogeneity among them. Survey of midJiangsu region shows that peasants′ job diversification makes labor division and cooperation possible. Intergenerational or sexual division among family members promotes development of joint land cooperation. The study shows that farmer′s benefits from evolution of labor division, cooperation and economy of scale are larger than returns from land circulation by market, which provides a rational basis for above-mentioned substitution. Peasants take collective actions of supply system and organizational innovation to decrease oneshot transaction fees by repeated cooperative forms, and to substitute market circulation with interior governance of economic organization.