中文脑筋急转弯中超常规的语用预设

Unusual Pragmatic Presuppositions in Chinese Brain Teasers

作为一种常用的语用策略,语用预设通常用来帮助人们正确理解话语的意义。但是在中文脑筋急转弯这种特殊的语言形式中,它以虚假预设、冗余预设和多元预设等非常规的形式隐藏于常规的预设手段中,制造语言和思维陷阱,以迷惑和干扰答题者,最终达到娱乐的效果和开发多层次的思维锻炼能力。这三种超常规预设形式的使用是由语用预设的可撤销性、隐蔽性和认知多维性等特点决定的,它们能动态地适应中文脑筋急转弯这种特殊语言形式的要求。

Presupposition,a widely used pragmatic strategy,can help people to understand the meanings of utterances.However,in the particular language form of Chinese brain teasers,it disguises itself as fake presuppositions,redundant presuppositions and multiple presuppositions in the common presupposition-triggers,to conceive and mislead the answerers in the direction of linguistic expression and logic inference,and finally to amuse the participators and to develop their multi-level thinking.The application of the three unusual presuppositions is decided by the three features of pragmatic presupposition： defeasibility,conceivability and cognitively multi-dimension.They can dynamically meet the requirements of Chinese brain teasers in the light of language expression and pragmatic strategies.