1Winter RB, Moe JH, Wang JF. Congenital kyphosis. Its natural history and treatment as observed in a study of one hundred and thirty patients [J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1973,55(2) :223-256.
3McMaster MJ, David CV. Hemivertebra as a cause of scoliosis. A study of 104 patients [J]. J Bone Joint Surg Br, 1986,68(4) :588- 595.
4Nasca RJ, Stilling FH 3rd, Stell HH. Progression of congenital scoliosis due to hemivertebrae and hemivertebrae with bars [J]. J Bone Joint Surg Am, 1975,57(4) :456-466.
5MeMaster MJ. Congenital seoliosis caused by a unilateral failure of vertebral segmentation with contralateral hemivertebrae [ J ]. Spine ( Phila Pa 1976), 1998,23 (9) :998-1005.
6Bush CH, Kalen V. Three-dimensional computed tomography in the assessment of congenital scoliosis [ J ]. Skeletal Radiol, 1999,28 (11) :632-637.
7Newton PO, Hahn GW, Fricka KB, et al. Utility of three-dimensional and multiplanar reformatted computed tomography for evaluation of pediatric congenital spine abnormalities [ J ]. Spine ( Phila Pa 1976) , 2002,27(8) :844-850.
8Nakajima A, Kawakami N, Imagama S, et al- Three-dimensional analysis of formation failure in congenital scoliosis [ J]. Spine ( Phila Pa 1976), 2007,32(5) :562-567.
9Marks DS, Qaimkhani SA. The natural history of congenital scoliosis and kyphosis [ J ]. Spine ( Phila Pa 1976 ), 2009,34 ( 17 ) : 1751- 1755.
10Kawakami N, Tsuji T, Imagama S, et al. Classification of congeni- tal scoliosis and kyphosis: a new approach to the three-dimensionalclassification for progressive vertebral anomalies requiring operative treatment [ J ]. Spine ( Phila Pa 1976 ) , 2009,34 ( 17 ) : 1756- 1765.
2Bush CH, Kalen V. Three dimensional computed tomography in the as sessment of congenital scoliosis[J]. Skeletal Radiol, 1999,28 ( 11 ):632-637.
3Hedden D. Management themes in congenital scoliosis[J].J Bone Joint Surg(Am),2007,89(Suppl 1): 72-78.
4Ferguson RL. Medical and congenital comorbidities associated with spinal deformities in the immature spine[J]. J Bone Joint Surg(Am),2007,89(Suppl 1):34-41.
5Hedequist DJ. Surgical treatment of congenital scoliosis[J].Orthop Clin North (Am), 2007,38(4 ):497- 509.
6Wang Y,Zhang Y,Zhang X,et al. A single posterior approach for multilevel modified vertebral column resection in adults with severe rigid congenital kyphoscoliosis :A retrospective study of 13 cases[J]. Eur Spine J,2008,17(3):361-372.
7Hedequist DJ ,Emans JB. The correlation of preoperative three- dimensional computed tomography reconstructions with operative findings in congenital scoliosis[J]. Spine, 2003,28(22) : 2531-2534.
8Nakajima A, Kawakami N, Imagama S,et al. Three-Dimensional Analysis of Formation Failure in Congenital Scoliosis [J ]. Spine, 2007,32(5 ) : 562-567.
9Hamzaoglu A, Ozturk C, Tezer M, et al. Simultaneous surgical treatment in congenital scoliosis and/or kyphosis associated with intraspinal abnormalities[J].Spine, 2007,32(25) :2880-2284.
10McMaster MJ. Spinal growth and congenital deformity of the spine[J]. Spine,2006,31 (20):2284-2287.