城市公交车到站规律及站台服务水平研究

A Study on the Characteristics of Arrival Time of Buses and the Service Level of Platform

城市公共交通是城市可持续发展的必由之路,对城市交通具有重大意义.本文从公交车的运行特点入手,用数学方法描述公交车从发车到到站的运行过程,建立公交车到站模型,并利用简化模型分析公交站台车辆到站规律,计算车辆到站频次.最后,利用排队理论建立公交站台服务水平的计算模型.运用排队论模型对北京市某公交站台进行评价,证明对站点设置位置和停靠模式以及站台的线路数和线路发车频率的合理设置,可以有效地控制站台内公交车的排队情况,提高公交站台的运行效率,缓解交通拥堵.

As a key aspect of the sustainable development of a city,the improvement of its public transport system is very important for its urban transport development.This study analyzes the whole running process of a bus from its initial departure to arrival at the terminal,with using mathematical methods in consideration of the running characteristics of the bus.A model describing the arrivals of buses is developed and simplified to analyze the characteristics of the arrival time of buses and the frequency of the arrivals of buses.Finally,this research uses the queuing theory to develop a model to calculate the capacity of the bus-stop,and the capacity of a bus-stop in Beijing is evaluated by utilizing this model.It is proved that it will be an efficient way to choose the location and the stop mode of the bus-stop to control the situation of the queue by designing the number of routes and frequency of the departures of buses,which could improve the operating efficiency of bus stations to alleviate traffic congestion.