埋烧碳化法制备碳泡沫材料的研究

Study on Preparation of Phenolic Resin Based Carbon Foams by Embedded Sintering Method

首次采用埋烧碳化法制备了酚醛树脂基碳泡沫.以苯酚和甲醛为原材料,氢氧化钠为催化剂制备甲阶酚醛树脂;以甲阶酚醛树脂为前躯体,加入正戊烷、吐温-80以及硫酸,利用常压物理发泡法制备出酚醛树脂基泡沫,然后将其在1 050℃下采用碳粉和石墨粉混合埋烧碳化得到酚醛树脂基碳泡沫.通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪和比表面测试仪对其结构、物相组成和比表面积进行了表征,结果表明,该方法制备的碳泡沫为具有一定强度的轻质多孔材料,发泡均匀、孔洞完整,且相互连通、微观结构良好,碳泡沫的比表面积在350~750 m2/g之间.随着碳化过程温度的升高,碳泡沫有由无定形结构向石墨结构转变的趋势.

The phenolic resin based carbon foams were prepared by embedded sintering method for the first time.Phenolic resin was synthesized by the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde using sodium hydroxide as catalyst.The phenolic resin foam was prepared from the phenolic resin mixed with pentane as blowing reagent,Tween-80 as stabilizer,sulfuric acid as curing agent.Then the foam sample was carbonized under 1 050 ℃ buried in carbon and graphite powder to obtain the phenolic resin-based carbon foam.The morphology,crystalline structure and surface area of the resultant carbon foams were characterized by scanning electron microscope（SEM）,X-ray diffraction（XRD） and surface area measurement（BET）.The results indicate that as-prepared carbon foams are porous carbon materials with very light bulk density,and fine pore structure.The surface areas of the carbon foams are ranging from 350 to 750 m2/g.The structure of carbon foams changes from amorphous to graphite along with the increased carbonization temperature.