腓肠豆骨的解剖学观察及其临床意义

Morphological observation of the fabella and its clinical significance

目的：对国人腓肠豆骨进行解剖观察，为临床腓肠豆骨相关疾病诊治提供解剖学参考依据。方法：对61侧成年膝关节标本进行解剖，观察腓肠豆骨的出现率、形态及其与周围相关结构的关系。结果：外侧腓肠豆骨的出现率为86．89％，且以骨性多见（55．74％），而内侧出现较少（9．84％），且均为软骨性。腓肠豆骨与腓总神经毗邻，20．8％的腓总神经从其表面通过。腓肠豆骨的存在与腓肠豆韧带的出现并不相关，不能作为判断腓肠豆韧带是否存在的标志。结论：国人腓肠豆骨以外侧多见，与腓总神经关系密切，临床医生需要对此结构有一定的认识，以利腓肠豆骨相关疾病的诊治。

To observe anatomic characteristics of the fabella, thereafter, to provide the morphological basis for clinical study of the fabella related diseases. Methods： 61 knees form adult cadavers were used to observe and identify the shape, location, size and frequency of the fabella and its relationship with surrounding structures. Results： The dominant fabella located in the knee joints and the lateral head of gastrocnemius was occupied 86.90% （53/61）, among whom 55.74% fabella exhibited as bony ones （34/53）. 9. 84% of fabella that totally presented as cartilaginous features was found within the medial head of gastrocnemius. 20. 80% of the common peroneal nerve coursed from the surface of the fabella. Positive correlation was not found between the existence of the fabella and the fabellofibular ligament. Conclusion： The fabella dominantly occur in the lateral head of gastroenemius, and has close relationship with the common peroneal nerve, which should be paid more attention in clinic.