内蒙古草地类型与生物量气候区划

Climatic Division of the Types and Yields of Grassland in Inner Mongolia

根据内蒙古自治区1961—2007年107个气象站资料,利用梯度距离平方反比法,推算出内蒙古自治区湿润度的千米网格数据图形。结合内蒙古实际植被类型的分布规律,确定了内蒙古5种草原类型和6个产草量等级的气候区划指标。利用得到的气候区划指标,对湿润度栅格数据进行分级,绘制了内蒙古自治区天然草原草地类型和产草量地理分布的区划图。应用2007—2009年65个野外考察样点数据和2004 2008年49个生态观测站点的数据,对气候区划结果进行了可靠性验证,分析表明:内蒙古草原类型区划结果和实际的草原类型分布具有较好的一致性,可以用于内蒙古草原气候区划。针对各分区进行评述,并提出了合理布局的对策建议,研究结果可为内蒙古自治区农业结构调整及畜牧业生产优化布局提供参考。

Based on the meteorological observation data of 107 weather stations in Inner Mongolia,mean monthly temperatures,mean monthly air humidity and annual rainfall distribution of kilometer-scale are calculated using gradient method of inverse distance square law.Taking the raster data into Ivanov moisture degree calculation formula,the moisture degree of kilometer-scale in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region are obtained.Combined with the distribution regularity of actual vegetation types of Inner Mongolia,climate zoning index of grassland types in Inner Mongolia are identified.Five grassland types are defined in Inner Mongolia as meadow steppe,typical steppe,desert steppe,steppe desert,and desert.With the grassland type climate zoning index,partition boundaries of grass yield are determined.On the basis of output distribution in each partition,six grass yield levels of climate zoning index are obtained,which are grass yield greater than or equal to 2000,1600—2000,1100—1600,900—1100,800—900 kg？hm^（-2）,and less than 800 kg？hm^（-2）,respectively.And then humidity raster data could be classified by using these climate zoning indexes.After that,the zoning map of grassland type in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region natural grassland could be drawn.In addition to that,the zoning map of geographical distribution of grass yield could also be got.Afterwards data of 65 field investigations samples as well as 49 ecological observation sites are used in a reliability test,for climate zoning results.The reliability analysis shows that division results and the distribution of actual grassland types in Inner Mongolia have good consistency,indicating that the grassland climate zoning can better reflect the spatial distribution regularity of natural grassland types.Hence,the grassland type division results can be used for climatic regionalization in Inner Mongolia grassland.Due to neglecting the soil texture,economic and other non climate factors,there is a certain error on the boundaries between the sand,grass crisscross midwest and different grassland type areas.For each district,its geographical position,climate characteristics and grassland utilization status are reviewed, and furthermore,related analysis,countermeasures and suggestions on rational distributions are given.In conclusion,the results can provide a scientific basis for adjusting agricultural structure and optimizing livestock layout in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.