冷战与东欧——近二十年国外学界相关代表性研究及述评

Cold War and the Eastern Europe: A Review of the Overseas Study in the Last Twenty Years

20世纪80年代末90年代初,东欧八个社会主义国家相继发生政治剧变,并自此走上了以建立并巩固多党制为基础的议会民主制、确立并完善私有制为基础的市场经济体制、融入欧洲一体化为转型目标的综合性历史进程。此后迄今为止的20年间,东欧社会主义作为一段完整的历史、一个政治现象,受到了前所未有的关注,并极大地拓展了国际冷战史、比较政治学、社会主义学等诸多学科领域的研究视野。相关成果涉及问题既广且深,不仅包括对东欧社会主义的历史脉络从整体和国别两个层面重新加以细致归理与阐释,还集中体现在利用新解密的多边档案对那些深刻地影响了东西方冷战进程特别是东欧各国以至苏联自身历史演进的重大危机事件进行更为深入的研究。此外,还有基于新材料、新发现、新解读透过东欧剧变对具有普遍意义的一些社会主义基本问题展开的系统反思和理论总结等。本文的要旨即在于对20世纪90年代以来国外有关冷战时期东欧研究的大体情况及主要结论加以介绍和评述,以期对中国同领域的研究提供可能的借鉴与参考。

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the world witnessed a chain of political upheavals across the Eastern Europe, with all eight socialist states abandoning the Soviet-type systems, embarking on an intense, comprehensive transformation process of democratization, marketization and Europeanization. Over the past two decades, as a complete history, a political phenomenon, the Eastern European socialism has attracted unprecedented attention in academic circles, and expanded significantly vision of related fields of studies such as Cold War international history, comparative politics. The purpose of this article is to give a detailed introduction and review of the overseas studies, especially representative works as well as major conclusions, on the Eastern European history in the Cold War since 1990s, and provide possible references for related studies in China.