HIV感染者与艾滋病患者31例分析

Analysis on 31 HIV/AIDS Cases

目的探讨HIV感染者与艾滋病患者的流行病学及临床特点,为临床早期正确诊断提供依据。方法从流行病学资料、临床特点、艾滋病相关机会性感染及并发症等方面对2004年2月～2009年12月该院收治的31例HIV/AIDS患者资料进行回顾性分析。结果 HIV/AIDS患者有逐年增多趋势,青壮年男性患者居多,传播途径以性传播(71.0%)和静脉药瘾(9.7%)为主。最常见的症状体征为体重下降(74.2%)、发热(71.0%)、食欲减退(71.0%)、乏力(64.5%)、贫血(58.1%)等。实验室检查显示54.8%的患者淋巴细胞减少,61.3%的患者血红蛋白降低,41.9%的患者血小板减少,64.5%的患者白蛋白下降,38.7%的患者血沉增快。最常见的机会性感染为白色念珠菌病(32.3%)、结核病(16.1%)、细菌性肺炎(16.1%)等;合并恶性肿瘤6例(19.4%)。结论 HIV/AIDS发病率有增长趋势,临床表现复杂多样,临床医生应注重分析患者易感因素及临床特点,主动发现HIV/AIDS患者,做到早诊断、早治疗。

[Objective] To analyze the epidemiologieal and clinical characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients so as to provide evidence for early diagnosis. [Methods] The clinical data of 31 HIV/AIDS patients were retrospectively analyzed in respect of epidemiology, clinical manifestations and AIDS-related occupational infection. [Results] An increasing trend in HIV/AIDS was found in recent years. Young and middle-aged males constituted the main part of HIV/AIDS patients. Transmission route included sexual contact （71.0%） and intravenous drug abuse （9.7%）. The most common symptom was weight loss （74.2%）, followed by fever （71.0%）, anorexia （71.0%）, fatigue （64.5%）, pale appearance （58.1%）. Lymphocytoponia was found in 17 cases （54.8%）, anemia in 19 eases （61.3%）, thrombocytopenia in 13 cases （41.9%）, hypoproteinemia in 20 cases （64.5%）, and ESR increased in 12 cases （38.7%）. The most common opportunistic infection was candidiasis （32.3%）, tuberculosis （16.1%）, bacterial pneumonia （16.1%）; 6 cases complicated with malignancies. [ Conclusions] The incidence of HIV/AIDS has increased recent years. HIV/AIDS symptoms were complicated; clinicians should pay attention to analysis of predisposing factors and clinical characteristics to find the HIV/AIDS patients for the early management.