侵权赔偿与社会保险并行给付的困境与出路

The Concurrence of Tort Damages and Social Insurance Payments:Dilemma and Solutions

侵权赔偿与社会保险并行给付问题,既是现代侵权多元化救济模式所带来的典型难题之一,也是中国《侵权责任法》与《社会保险法》有效衔接的关键所在。目前中国立法并未完全解决该难题。学说多围绕比较法上的补充模式、兼得模式、替代模式或选择模式展开讨论,见解不一;审判实践也未能达成一致意见。侵权赔偿项目与社会保险给付项目在项目类别、表述及具体的计算标准上各有不同。并行给付问题的解决,取决于被侵权人、侵权人和社会保险机构之间的利益调整。侵权赔偿与社会保险给付是否构成重复填补,应依不同赔付项目的不同性质分别判断。

The concurrence of tort damages and social insurance payments is a typical dilemma resulting from the diversity of modern tort remedy models,and is the crucial issue in the effective connection of tort liability law and social insurance law in China.China's legislation has failed to provide a thorough solution to this problem.With reference to the practice of other countries,scholars have put forward four models,the supplementary,cumulative,substitutive and selective,but no consensus has been reached,nor has Chinese judicial practice produced unanimous rules in this regard.Tort damages and social insurance payments differ in terms of category,expression and specific standards of calculation.The solution to this problem depends on interest compromises among the victims,tortfeasors and social insurance agencies.Whether tort damages and social insurance payments overlap should be determined in accordance with the nature of different compensation items.