著作权的法经济分析范式——兼评知识产权利益平衡理论

Analysis on Copyrights by the Paradigm of Law and Economics:Critics on the Theory of Balance of Interest on Intellectual Properties

从法经济分析的角度解释,著作权法是维护创作者与投资者经济上诱因的制度工具,虽然其客体作为无形财产,具有不同于有体财产的特殊性,但该特殊性仅体现在法律构造的具体设计上,而不能推翻法经济分析的基本预设。法经济分析中的事前分析与边际分析,以及对理性人假设与财产权功能的正确定位,都有助于使著作权更好地融入现有成熟的财产权这制度中,而不是仅仅因客体的特殊性而主张将著作权与传统财产权分离。动辄以利益平衡解决著作权法中的问题,不但无法实现平衡目标,还将导致著作权制度在效率上的缺失。

In the perspective of law and economics,copyright law is the institution to safeguard the interest of authors and investors.Although the objects of such rights are intangible which seems to be special compared with tangibles,this specialty should reflect in the designation of legal rules,but not to overthrow the basic theory of law and economics.The ex ante analysis and marginal analysis,as well as the presumption of hypothesis of rational man,the positioning of property＇s function,are all contributable to make copyright law merged into the matured system of property law,rather than make them apart.To solve the problems of copyright law in the perspective of balance of interest are not successful because such aims could not be achieved and efficiency cannot be realized.