万事胚胎始于州县乎?——从命案之代验再论清代佐杂审理权限

Are Administrations Begun from Counties?Reresearch on Judicial Power of Junior Complex from the Inspection of Criminal Scene Instead of the Head in Qing Dynasty

清人谓"万事胚胎始于州县",今人亦多认为佐杂系闲曹,但事实并非如此。清代的佐杂逐渐获得命案的检验权,且配有仵作,其权限亦逐渐完整,从原来需印官覆验,发展到直接由佐杂在验后填格取结即可。命案在州县官的审理权中具有核心意义,检验则在命案处理中又具有核心意义,佐杂在获得检验权的同时,亦获得了命案事实上的审理权,并由此必然获得其他案件的审理权。因此,必须承认佐杂在州县之下发挥着一级审判机关的作用,万事胚胎亦由他们始。

It is generally held in the acadania that the Yamens of counties are the lowest local Administration in istration constitutions of Qing govemance.But the Junior Complex was allowed to inspect homicide cases considering the actual situation,and they are staffed with Wuzuo,also,they must inquest the suspected,plaintiff and witness before inspect and record it after inspect.Then,taking into account enough attention being paid on the homicide cases in Qing Dynasty,The junior complex actually own judicial power.