基于生态足迹的黑龙江省农村能源利用动态研究

Determining the dynamic of energy consumption in rural Heilongjiang Province from ecological footprint

为了解黑龙江省农村能源消耗及效益,将生态足迹指标应用于农村能源消耗评价中,研究1998～2007年间黑龙江省农村能源利用动态。结果表明:10年间各类能源利用都明显增加,其中电力和沼气增加最为明显,其人均消费量分别由1998年的183.51 kWh和0.001 m3增加到2007年的279.03 kWh和2.445 m3;对应的能源人均生态足迹也均呈增加趋势,从1998年的0.278 9 hm2增加到2007年的0.549 8 hm2,其中电力和沼气生态足迹增加明显高于其他能源类型,这种趋势与我国农电政策的变化和对农村生物质能源扶持政策有关。能源生态效益不断增加,从1998年的2 472.34元.hm-2增加到2007年的5 192.58元.hm-2,表明资源利用效率明显增加,但仍有增加的空间。农村能源消耗不断增加,政府应从政策、资金等方面调节农村能源消耗,扶持各类可再生能源利用技术,加强农村生物质能源利用管理,并通过新技术进一步提高能源生态效益。

Rapid rural development needs a great amount of energy,which conflicts with the demand of less CO2 release for reliev-ing global climate changing.Rural energy consumption is therefore important and is predicted to significantly increase energy de-mand.This paper used ecological footprint（EF） to evaluate and analyze energy consumption dynamics and efficiency in rural Hei-longjiang Province in 1998～2007.Straw and biogas EF was also calculated and integrated into the total EF.The results suggested increasing trends in all forms of energy consumption during the 1998～2007 period.For all the forms of energy,the highest consump-tion increase was noted in electric power,increasing from 183.51 kWh per capita in 1998 to 279.03 kWh per capita in 2007.This was followed by biogas,increasing from 0.001 m3 per capita in 1998 to 2.445 m3 per capita in 2007.Because of the increases in con-sumption of these forms of energy,EF of all the forms of energy also increased over the period.Total energy EF per capita was 0.278 9 hm2 in 1998 and 0.549 8 hm2 in 2007.Under the same energy consumption dynamics,increase in electric and biogas ener-gies were higher than in other forms of energy.This resulted from the development of government policies to regulate rural power and bio-energy consumption.Ecological efficiency increased with increasing energy consumption.It increased from 2 472.34 Yuan·hm 2 in 1998 to 5 192.58 Yuan·hm 2 in 2007 indicating improved resources efficiency.Because of continuous increase in en-ergy consumption,government should institute regulation polices and adjust capital flow to support renewable energy technology and biomass energy development,which reduced petroleum energy consumption and improved energy efficiency.