《切韵》寒韵字的演变特征与现代吴语

The phonological development of han(寒) rhyme in Qieyun(切韵) and the Wu dialects

《切韵》的寒韵字有两项重要特征:1)钝/锐声母字均读圆唇的*n,2)和二等山删韵*an有别。本文从吴、闽语的文白异读分析入手,考察音类分合关系,结合汉语语音史,尝试说明:第一,北部吴语、南部吴语和闽语的寒韵字都分别有两个层次,层次Ⅰ大体相当于南朝《切韵》的分类格局,层次Ⅱ则符合晚唐—北宋以后北方官话的特点。第二,在探讨吴、闽语关系时,不仅要关注浙南吴语,北部吴语的情形有时也颇值得重视。

There are two remarkable characteristics of the han rhyme in Qieyun:a)It belongs to Division I,and its phonetic value is n whether these characters have grave or acute initials;b)It differs from the shan 山 and shan 删 rhymes of Division II,the phonetic value of which is an.Based on the evidences from the Chinese historical phonology and the modern dialects,this paper argues that there are two strata in the northern Wu,southern Wu and the Min dialects which originated from the South Dynasties and the late Tang Dynasty respectively.The findings indicate that besides the southern Wu dialects,the northern Wu dialects are also noticeable when comparing the Wu with the Min dialects.