日本对虾肌肉营养成分分析与品质评价

Nutritional Component Analysis and Quality Evaluation of Penaeus japonicus

测定分析日本对虾肌肉的营养成分,并与部分经济水产动物进行比较。结果表明:日本对虾含肉率为39.21%,水分和粗灰分含量分别为77.16%和1.79%,蛋白质和脂肪含量分别为17.74%和2.08%。肌肉(干样)中18种氨基酸总量(TAA)为70.68%,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)为70.72,其构成比例低于鸡蛋蛋白标准,但高于WHO/FAO标准。根据氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)计算结果,得出日本对虾的第一限制性氨基酸为色氨酸,第二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸。5种鲜味氨基酸(DAA)总量为35.71%(干样)。日本对虾不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,占脂肪酸总量的64.04%,其中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)分别为1.70%和10.92%,多不饱和脂肪酸和EPA、DHA含量高于其他几种经济虾类及淡水鱼类。铁和锌含量丰富,镉、铬、镍等有害元素含量低。表明日本对虾具有较高的食用价值与保健作用。

The nutritional composition in the muscle of Penaeus japonicus was analyzed and compared with that of some high-quality shrimps,crabs and fish.The results showed that the contents of flesh,water,crude ash,crude protein and fat in P.japonicus were 39.21%,77.16%,1.79%,17.74% and 2.08%,respectively.Eighteen common amino acids were detected in the muscle of P.japonicus.In dry samples,the content of total amino acids（TAA） was 70.68%,in which the content of essential amino acids（EAA） was 23.25%.The essential amino acids index（EAAI） was 70.72,which was lower than egg protein standard but higher than WHO/FAO standard.According to amino acid scores（AAS） and chemical scores（CS）,the first limited amino acid was Trp and the second limited amino acid Val.The content of five delicious amino acids（DAA） were 35.71% in dry samples.Meanwhile,nine saturated fatty acids（SFA）,eight mono-unsaturated fatty acids（MUFA） and eight polyunsaturated fatty acids（PUFA） were also detected in the muscle of P.japonicus.The PUFAs in the muscle of P.japonicus accounted for 64.04% of total fatty acids.The contents of EPA and DHA were 1.70% and 10.92% of total fatty acids,respectively,and the contents of PUFA,EPA and DHA were higher than those in some shrimps and freshwater fish.The mineral elements Zn and Fe were abundant,and the contents of harmful elements such as Cd,Cr and Ni were low.Therefore,it is easy to conclude that Penaeus japonicus is a nutritious and delicious food.