橡胶种植与饮水短缺:西双版纳戈牛村的案例

Rubber cultivation and potable water shortage: A case in Geniu Village of Xishuangbanna

西双版纳大面积种植橡胶引起的负面生态影响受到广泛关注。采用问卷调查和实地调查方法分析了景洪市戈牛行政村的橡胶种植与饮水短缺问题。结果表明:橡胶种植面积的大幅度增长与村寨人畜饮水短缺是同步的;2009年因收获橡胶产品的水资源消耗量为1995年的3.4倍;52.7%的村民认同橡胶种植导致饮水短缺,但只有5.4%的村民自愿减少橡胶面积以缓解水资源问题。有必要强化研究橡胶树生产胶汁的水分消耗,以及如何调动橡胶种植者参与解决橡胶种植的水生态问题。

The negative ecological effect caused by large area rubber cultivation in Xishuangbanna has being received broad attention. In this paper, questionnaire survey and field investigation were applied to analyze the relations between rubber cultivation and potable water shortage in Geniu administrative village, Jinghong County of Xishuangbanna. It was found that large scale rubber cultivation and potable water shortage for human and domestic animals were synchronically. The water resource consumption due to harvesting rubber product in 2009 was 3.4 times of that in 1995. 52.7% of villagers approved that rubber cultivation was one of factors causing the potable water shortage, and only 5.4% of villagers had the willing to mitigate potable water shortage by cutting down rubber area. It would be necessary to highlight the study of water consumption due to latex production by rubber trees and to bring the rubber farmers into solution of the eco-hydrological problems caused by rubber cultivation.