1RS·1BL易位在川农号系列小麦新品种选育中的作用

Application of 1RS.1BL Translocation in the Breeding of "Chuannong" Series Wheat Cultivars

世界上广泛使用的1RS.1BL易位系遗传基础单一,已不能满足世界小麦育种的需要。本课题组培育了不同遗传基础的1RS.1BL易位系,并按照高产优质抗病的选育方向,用于"川农"系列小麦新品种的选育。为了深入了解1RS.1BL易位染色体的传递规律和育种价值,使用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(A-PAGE)、Giemsa C-带技术、DNA原位杂交技术对13个川农号小麦新品种及4个进入区域试验的新品系进行了检测,并对这17份供试材料的抗病性、农艺性状和主要品质进行了鉴定。结果证明川农10号、川农11、川农20含有来源于Aurora的1RS.1BL易位染色体,川农12、川农17、川农18和R291是含新合成的1RS.1BL易位染色体的新品种(系)。分析结果表明,目前利用外源种质的小麦育种中,决定1RS.1BL易位能否存在于新品种中的第一选择压仍是抗病性,农艺和品质性状则是第二、三位的选择因素。本研究指出,持续利用1RS.1BL易位染色体培育高产优质抗病的小麦新品种的关键问题是发掘黑麦1RS本身的基因资源,在优先创建1RS.1BL易位系抗病性的遗传多样性的同时,创建农艺与品质性状的遗传多样性。

Utilizing chromosome engineering technique,and according to the breeding objectives of high yield,high quality and high resistance,our research team has released 13 new wheat cultivars which planted widely recently in the West Southern region of China.All of these cultivars and 4 new wheat lines were studied by means of A-PAGE,improved Geimsa C-banding and Genome in Situ Hybridization（GISH）.The results showed that among the 17 Chuan-nong（CN） wheat cultivars and lines,7 new cultivars（lines） carried 1RS·1BL translocation chromosom,in which the 1RS·1BL chromosomes of CN10,CN11,and CN20 inherited from the parent Aurora,while that of CN12,CN17,CN18 and R291 from different parents.The wheat cultivars CN12,CN17 and CN18 exhibited better resistance to the powdery mildew and stripe rust than the cultivars carried the genes Yr9 and Pm8.In addition,the quality and agronomic characters of all CN wheat cultivars and lines used in this study were detected.The relationship among the quality,agronomic characters and the structures of chromosome in these cultivars shows that the resistance to disease still is the most important selection pressures in wheat breeding programs,and it is the most important factors to determine the chromosome structures of the cultivars.The present study indicated,for further application of 1RS·1BL translocation in wheat breeding,it is essential to widen its genetic variation,specially the genetic diversity in the 1RS arm of this translocation for disease resistance,agronomic character and quality.Since there exists a wide genetic diversity in rye germplasm worldwide,it may be important to use this variation in future breeding program by developing new 1RS·1BL translocations with different genetic background.