我国包装废物的分类收集模式

Separate Collection Modes for Packaging Waste in China

针对塑料类、纸类和金属类等典型包装废物,采用3种包装废物分类收集模式,并在3个居民小区进行示范.3种分类收集模式为:①自然状态;②在小区进行分类收集的宣传教育;③在宣传教育的同时由专业人员对小区生活垃圾进行分类.采用物质流分析的跟踪观察法,通过问卷调查、现场采样和入户采访,对不同模式下各类包装废物的产生量、回收量与回收率等废物流数据进行统计,得到包装废物从产生、回收到再利用和最终处置的物流分析图.结果表明:自然状态下包装废物也有一定的回收率,即我国现有的回收体系对包装废物的分类收集有一定的效果;不同类型包装废物的主要回收环节不同,纸类和金属类包装废物在家庭的回收率较高,而塑料类包装废物的回收主要依赖社会人员分拣;辅以宣传教育等方式,回收价值低、分类收集难度大的包装废物也能得到有效回收.

Demonstrations of three different systems for sorting and recovery of typical packaging waste from plastic,paper and metal in three residential communities were established.The demonstrated systems were natural state,public education about sorting and professional sorting based on public education.With questionnaires,site sampling and in-home interviews,waste flow data including generation amount,reclaimed amount and recovery rate of each kind of packaging waste in the different modes were statistically analyzed based on substance flow analytic tracking observation.The material flow was also analyzed from production to recycling and reuse of packaging waste.The results showed that the current recovery system of packaging waste（natural state） had some effect on sorting collection.Different packaging waste had different key characteristics,such as paper and metal packaging waste with high recovery rates in families,and the recovery of plastic packaging waste mainly from social workers.With education,packaging waste which was of low-value and difficult to sort could be effectively recovered.