含氮消毒副产物卤代酰胺的生成特性与控制研究进展

State-of-the-Art of Formation and Control of Nitrogenous Disinfection By-products:Haloamides

卤代酰胺(haloamides)具有极强的致癌、致畸和致突变性,是饮用水处理领域开始关注的一种新型含氮卤代消毒副产物。这类物质分子质量小、结构简单、可水解,具有很强的极性和亲水性,可广泛存在于消毒后的出厂水中。卤代酰胺的产生受到温度、pH值、消毒剂含量的影响,但生成机制非常复杂,尚未有相关理论能完全解释其产生规律。鉴于其较强的"三致"特性,对它的物理特性、产生条件及控制手段进行研究是目前消毒副产物领域的一个重要方向。介绍了卤代酰胺的特性、检测方法,对其控制手段的最新研究进展进行了重点说明,指出通过控制其前体物的方法来控制卤代酰胺的产生是该领域的研究重点。

Haloamides have highly carcinogenic, teratogenie and mutagenic effects, and they are new nitrogenous halogenated disinfection by-products （DBPs） concerned in drinking water treatment. These DBPs show specific characteristics such as low molecular weight, simple structure, easy hydrolysis and so on. Due to strong polarity and high hydrophilicity, these DBPs tend to be widely present in the treated water from drinking water plant after disinfection. The formation of haloamides can be affected by temperature, pH, disinfectant concentration and so on. However, the mechanism is so complex that yet there are no related theories that can fully explain the fbrmation of haloamides. In view of high potential risks involved, scientific researches on haloamides such as characteristics, formation conditions and con- trol become important in the field of research on DBPs. The classification, detection and control of haloamides are introduced sors to inhibit the formation It is suggested that the research should be focused on controlling their precur- of haloamides.