大众化时代中国高校本科专业调整的三维分析

Three Dimensional Analysis of Undergraduate Program Adjustment in China's Universities and Colleges during the Massification Period

大众化时代中国高校本科专业在设置、布点、招生三个维度上的规模都大幅增长,科类结构发生了不同程度的变化。规模增长和科类结构变化均存在明显的学科差异,文弱理强的本科专业格局有所改变,但从实际出发,文科本科专业的布点和招生有必要加以控制。种均点数提高,加剧了本科专业重复设置问题。点均招生数降低,不利于高校提高规模效益。改变"存量决定增量"的发展模式,建立"需求决定增量"的发展模式,是中国高校本科专业调整的长远之计。

Undergraduate programs expanded massively and changed structurally in different degrees in China＇s universities and colleges during the massification period on three dimensions-establishment,distribution and enrollment.The massive expansion and structural change differed significantly in different fields of study,and the pattern in which sciences have a stronger role than liberal arts changed somewhat.It is realistic and necessary to control the distribution and enrollment of undergraduate programs on liberal arts.The problem of unnecessary duplication becomes more serious because of the intensive distribution of undergraduate programs.The average number of students enrolled by undergraduate programs decreases,which is to the disadvantage of achieving economies of scale.The long-term strategy of properly adjusting undergraduate programs in China＇s universities and colleges is to change the old developing pattern based on possible supplies,and to set a new one based on social demands.