哈尼族妇女在家庭与聚落中的角色——以云南省红河州元阳县全福庄的调查为例

Roles of Hani Women in Family and Village——Taking Survey of Quanfuzhuang Village as An Example

哈尼族社会是男权社会。无论在家庭还是聚落中,妇女的地位都比较低,她们在聚落公共仪式和家庭生活受到限制,缺乏宗教仪式的保护,无法参与聚落管理。与此形成鲜明对比的,妇女无论在农业生产还是家务劳动方面都承担了大量的劳动责任,劳动量远远超出男性。因此,哈尼妇女在家庭事务等方面拥有一定的权利。哈尼妇女低下的地位与劳动付出之间的不平衡,除了与其他农业社会歧视妇女的共性,还与哈尼族的历史和哈尼妇女对家庭强烈的责任感有关。

In patriarchal society,the status of Hani women is humble both in family and in the settlements.They are restricted in public ceremonies and everyday life, and lack of religious ceremonies protection,and unable to participate in the settlements management.By contrast,no matter in agricultural production or housework aspects,women assume a lot of labor responsibility.Hani women have certain rights in family affairs.The imbalance between labor pay and status of Hani women is due to several reasons.In addition to common reasons why other agricultural societies discriminate against women,it is due to the unique Hani history and the strong sense of responsibility to the family of Hani women.