哈尔滨历史街区声源及声喜好研究

Research on Sound Source and Sound Preference of Historic Block in Harbin

声环境是历史街区物理环境的重要组成部分,但相关研究还不多见,为了解历史街区声环境的特征及不同人群对街区声环境的主观喜好,该文选择了哈尔滨具有代表性的4个历史街区进行实证研究。在这4个街区内布置了53个测点,对街区内不同地点的等效声压级进行实地测量,并随机发放了543份问卷,以调查各街区内声源及人们对不同声音的态度。结果表明:在4个街区内有83%的测点等效声压级都超过60dBA,交通噪声是非交通管制历史街区的主要噪声源,在交通管制地区商业噪声为主要声源,叫卖声比重较大;在以休闲旅游功能为主的街区,音乐是主要声源。人们对自然声音及传统有意义的声音较喜欢,对工业噪声最不喜欢。

Being as an important part of physical environment of historic block,research on acoustic environment is still rare.In order to understand characteristics of acoustic environment in historic sites and preference of people toward it,this paper chooses four representative historic sites to do empirical research.Setting up 53 measurement points in these four sites so as to do field survey about equivalent acoustic pressure level in different points,meanwhile handing out 543questionnaires in random to survey sound sources in sites and people＇s attitude to different sounds.What result shows is：over 83% measurement points have equivalent acoustic pressure level exceeding 60dBA,traffic noise is the main source of noise in non-traffic control historic sites,and in traffic control sites,the noise comes mainly from business,namely commercial noice;in the sites which are mainly for leisure,the main sound source is music.People prefer natural sound and traditional meaningful sound and dislike industrial noise most.This research would provide a basis of improving acoustic environment in historic block.