公共管理视角下的高考制度改革

On the Reform of the College Entrance Examination from the Perspective of Public Management

高考制度属于公共管理的范畴,高考为公共服务产品。美国高校入学考试由市场主导,具有多样性和竞争性的特点,将入学考试与校内评价严格分开。英国实行政府主导下的资格考试认证制度,考试与教学联系紧密,政府负责考试项目与质量标准,考试机构竞争考试服务。在公共管理视角下,美国和英国的高考制度均为学生自愿申请、大学自主选拔学生的招生制度。借鉴美国和英国公共管理领域中的教育考试制度,要推进我国高考制度改革,应加强政府的主导性,拓展考试机构的服务功能,发挥高校的招生自主权。

The College Entrance Examination （CEE）, which belongs to the public management system, is one of public service products. Directed by the market , the admission tests of USA colleges have the characteristics of diversity and competitiveness, which strictly separate the admission test from campus evaluation. The authentication system of qualification tests is dominated by the government in UK. Examinations have a close relationship with teaching. The authorities take charge of the testing items and the quality standards, while the examination organizations compete for examination services. And from the perspective of public administration, the college entrance examination systems of the USA and UK are both that students voluntarily apply, and the colleges independently recruit. This system is worth learning from. So if we hope to promote the reform of CEE in China, we should boost the reform of CEE in the ways of improving the government leadership, broadening the service functions of examination organizations and giving play to the independent recruitment of colleges.