功能、悖论和应有之义:优质学校的社会学分析

Function,Paradox and True Meaning:An Analysis of High-Quality Schools from the Perspective of Sociology

基于效率原则和成就本位的基础教育优质学校存在着组织功能、育人功能和评价功能的偏失,这些功能的偏失使得优质学校在发展过程中表现出多种悖论:学校功能上表现为利益最大化追求和教育平等实现的悖论、政府行为上表现为优质和公平的悖论、社会发展上表现为择校和均衡的悖论。基础教育优质学校的目标是培养健康合格的公民,其应有之义是为了学生的发展。学生的全面发展与和谐成长是基础教育优质学校的主要特征。因此,从教育本义出发的优质学校应该是不选择生源,拥有优质的课程与教学文化,注重内涵发展,实行结果平等的差异性教学评价。

There exist deviation and loss in the organizing function, educating function and evaluating function in the high-quality basic education schools based on the principles of efficiency and success-oriented value orientation. As a result many paradoxes emerge in the process of development. In the school function is the paradox of pursuit of maximum benefits and equal education, in the government behavior is the paradox of high-quality and equality, and in the social development is the paradox of school choice and balance. The aim of high-quality basic education schools is to foster qualified and healthy citizens and its true purpose is the students＇ all-around development. Students＇ all- around development and harmonious growth are the main characteristics of the high-quality basic education schools. Therefore, the high-quality schools in accordance with the original meaning of education do not choose students, posses an excellent curriculum and teaching culture, focus on content development, and make the teaching evaluation based on students＇ differences and with equal results.