索因卡的“第四舞台”和“仪式悲剧”——以《死亡与国王的马夫》为例

"The Fourth Stage" and "Ritual Tragedy" of Wole Soyinka: Death and the King’s Horseman for Example

在论文"第四舞台:通过奥冈神话直抵约鲁巴悲剧的根源"中,索因卡对约鲁巴传统悲剧的原型、实质、美学效果、约鲁巴玄学体系的意义及在现代戏剧舞台上如何表现等方面做了系统而深入的阐释。作为"第四空间"的第一位征服者,约鲁巴大神奥冈的神话是最初的悲剧。约鲁巴悲剧是对奥冈悲剧显示的宇宙冲突的反复上演,是一种"第四舞台"上的"仪式悲剧"。剧本《死亡与国王的侍从》是按照索因卡的悲剧观念进行创作的范本。

In his paper ＂The Fourth Stage： Through the Mysteries of Ogun to the Origin of Yoruba Tragedy＂,Wole Soyinka makes a systematic study of the archetypes,essence and aesthetic effect of Yoruba tragedy,and the significance of the Yoruba metaphysics and the way of its representation on the modern stage.The myth of the Yoruba god Ogun,conqueror of the Fourth Space,is an essential tragedy.Yoruba tragedy,which repeatedly represents the cosmic conflict shown in the Ogun tragedy,can be regarded as a ＂ritual tragedy＂ on the ＂fourth stage＂.Soyinka wrote his Death and the King’s Horseman according to his own view of tragedy.