区域生态补偿与土地生态安全

Regional Ecological Compensation and Land Ecological Security

研究目的:划定中国土地生态补偿分区方案,并提出相关的政策建议。研究方法:格局空间统计分析与生态地理区划。研究结果:中国土地生态安全表现为下降趋势,西部地区为高生态安全区,东部地区为低生态安全区,是生态服务功能空间传递的受益区,可将中国划分为生态补偿受体区(主要分布于西部)和生态补偿主体区(主要分布于东部)两个一级大区。研究结论:设立全国性的土地生态补偿专门机构,构建土地生态补偿的法律体系,建立科学高效的土地生态补偿监管体系,完善土地生态补偿的政策导引。

The purpose of this paper is to develop a geographical regionalization of ecological compensation and propose related policies by analyzing the spatio-temporal patterns of land ecological security and level of regional socio-economic development in China. Research methods are spatial statistics of land ecological patterns and eco-geographical regionalization. The results indicate that ecological security in China showed a declined trend from 1996 to 2008. Western China, a higher ecological security area, is the main region contributing to the ecological assets, while Eastern China, a lower ecological security area, is the main region benefiting from spatial delivery of ecological services. Therefore China can be regionalized into two main areas, i.e., the ecological compensation beneficiary area and the ecological compensation payer area in general level. The proposed policies in the conclusion part of the paper include the establishment of specialized agency, legal system, efficient regulatory system, and policy guidance for national land ecological compensation.