广西美沙酮门诊服药人员行为流行病学调查研究

Survey of behavioral epidemiology of patients in Guangxi methadone maintenance treatment clinics

目的了解广西美沙酮门诊服药人员的行为流行病学特征,为今后更有效地实施行为干预提供科学理论依据。方法招募正在接受美沙酮维持治疗并符合入组标准的服药人员,对其进行统一问卷调查并检测艾滋病病毒(HIV)抗体,用χ2检验分析高危行为及HIV感染率在不同人口学特征人群的差异。结果共招募到正在接受美沙酮维持治疗并符合入组标准的服药人员1 623人,有效应答者1 599人。其中30.46%(487/1 599)的人自我报告在服药期间曾有过偷吸毒品行为,29.83%(477/1 599)认可在过去的30天里与固定性伴有过无保护性行为,8.07%(129/1 599)认可在过去的6个月里发生过多性伴行为,其中54.26%(70/129)为无保护性行为。统计学分析显示,壮族及其他少数民族偷吸率较高,不同性别、婚姻及工作状况的人群其高危行为的发生率存在差异,单身、低文化程度及无业者的HIV感染率较高。结论行为干预效果不理想,对此类人群的综合干预措施仍需深入研究,措施落实力度亟待加强。

Objective To investigate behavioral epidemiology of patients in Guangxi methadone maintenance clinics,and provide scientific basis for carrying out more effective behavioral interventions in the future.Method The patients who received methadone maintenance treatment and met the requirements were enrolled in the study.In addition to unified questionnaire survey,HIV antibody test was performed.The differences in high-risk behaviors or HIV infection rate among groups of different demographic characteristics were examined by χ2 test.Results A total of 1623 people were enrolled,of whom 1599 gave valid responses.Relapses were reported by 30.47%（487/1 599） of the patients who were receiving methadone maintenance treatment;29.83%（477/1 599）had unprotected sex with regular sex partners in the past 30 days;8.07%（129/1 599）experienced multi-sex partner behaviors in the past 6 months,of whom 54.26%（70/129） had unprotected sex.Statistical analysis indicated that more serious relapses occurred in Chuang and others ethnics.The differences in high-risk behaviors were reported among population groups with different gender,marital status and employment.Higher HIV infection rate was found in single,less educated and unemployed people.Conclusion The behavioral interventions are not as effective as expected.Thus comprehensive intervention for these patients should be reinforced urgently.