2008年中国居民艾滋病相关知识知晓状况及影响因素分析

An analysis of AIDS related knowledge among Chinese citizens and its influencing factors

目的了解中国居民对艾滋病（HIV/AIDS）相关知识的知晓情况,为进一步开展预防艾滋病健康教育工作,制定健康传播策略提供线索和依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,调查全国15~69岁的城乡常住居民,用SPSS 15.0统计软件进行分析。结果共调查78 575人,艾滋病传播途径知识知晓率平均为66.0%（65.7%~66.4%）,全部艾滋病知识知晓率平均为3.1%（3.0%~3.2%）。艾滋病传播途径知识的知晓率与其年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、职业、民族、家庭月收入等有统计学联系,〈40岁中国居民比≥40岁的平均增加1.26倍（OR=1.26,95%CI：1.21~1.31）,文化程度高的平均为文盲的1.70~4.32倍,已婚比未婚的平均增加1.36倍（OR=1.36,95%CI：1.27~1.45）,其他职业平均为农民的1.13~1.19倍[除农民工低于农民外,为0.89倍（OR=0.89,95%CI：0.83~0.95）],汉族比其他民族平均增加1.14倍（OR=1.14,95%CI：1.09~1.20）,家庭月收入在1 000元以上的是1 000元以下居民的1.15倍（OR=1.15,95%CI：1.11~1.19）。结论中国居民艾滋病传播途径知识知晓率低于《中国遏制与防治艾滋病行动计划（2006-2010年）》的要求,社会经济地位对于我国居民预防艾滋病知识的知晓具有重要作用。因此在制定健康教育策略和政策时不仅仅要考虑个体自身的因素,也要从社会环境因素着手,进一步关注社会经济地位相对低下的弱势群体的健康传播。

Objective To understand AIDS related knowledge among Chinese citizens to provide evidence for further AIDS related health education and the development of health communication strategy.Methods A multistage stratified cluster random sampling method was used in this nationwide survey and 78,575 people were involved.Results The rate of knowledge of AIDS transmission among the surveyed people was 66.0%（65.7%-66.4%）,knowledge about AIDS among all the surveyed people was 3.1%（3.0%-3.2%）.Knowledge of AIDS transmission was related to their age,educational background,marital status,occupation,nationality,family income and others.The rate of AIDS related knowledge among Chinese citizens under 40 years of age was 1.26 times higher than that among those over 40 years（OR = 1.26,95% CI 1.21-1.31）;the rate among citizens with high educational background was 1.70 to 4.32 times higher than that among the illiterate;the rate among married residents was 1.36 times higher than unmarried ones（OR = 1.36,95% CI 1.27-1.45）;the rate among citizens of other occupations was 1.13-1.19 times higher than among farmers（OR = 0.89,95% CI 0.83-0.95）（but for farmer workers the rate was 0.89 times lower than for farmers）.;the rate among residents of Han nationality was 1.14 times higher than those of other nationalities（OR = 1.14,95% CI 1.09-1.20） averagely;the rate among the citizens with monthly family income more than 1,000 yuan was 1.15 times higher than those with monthly family income under 1000 yuan（OR = 1.15,95% CI： 1.11-1.19）.Conclusion The rate of AIDS knowledge among Chinese citizens is lower than that as required by the ＂China Plan of Action for Containment and Control of AIDS（2006-2010）＂ and their socio-economic status plays an important role in increasing the awareness of AIDS prevention.Therefore,in developing health education strategies and policies,not only individual factors,but also socio-environmental factors should be considered,and in health communication further attention should be paid to vulnerable groups of relatively low socio-economic status.