德国肿瘤预防控制概况

A Survey of Cancer Prevention and Control in Germany

癌症是德国人口的第2位死因,仅次于心血管疾病。2006年,德国有42.7万癌症新发病例,男性以前列腺癌(26.2%)、结直肠癌(15.8%)和肺癌(14.2%)为主;女性以乳腺癌(29.3%)、结直肠癌(16.4%)和肺癌(7.4%)为主。2006年,21万人死于癌症,其中肺癌、结直肠癌和前列腺癌是引起男性死亡的主要癌症,乳腺癌、结直肠癌和肺癌是导致女性死亡的主要癌症。据Robert Koch Institute(RKI)估计,从1980年开始德国每年女性新发癌症病例增加35%,男性增加80%以上,男性和女性年龄标化发病率分别增加15%和23%。吸烟和慢性感染是常见癌症最主要的危险因素。早期检测或筛查项目已在德国实施多年,目的是预防浸润型恶性新发肿瘤的形成和癌症死亡,其中皮肤癌、结肠癌、子宫癌、女性乳腺癌,男性前列腺癌的筛查费用由德国法定健康保险负担。

Cancer ranks the second most frequent causes of death only next to cardiovascular disease in Germany.Four hundred and twenty-seven thousand new cancer cases in 2006 in Germany were found.Prostate cancer（26.2%）,colorectum cancer（15.8%）,and lung cancer （14.2%） were the most common cancers in males,while breast cancer （29.3%）,colo rectum cancer （16.4%）,and lung cancer （7.4%） were most common in females.In the current official statistics,210 thousand of cancer-related deaths were reported in Germany in 2006.Among males,lung cancer,colorectum cancer,and prostate cancer,were the major death causes while among females,to breast cancer,colorectum cancer,and lung cancer.According to the current Robert Koch Institute （RKI） estimates,the annual number of new cancer cases in Germany has increased 35% per year in females and more than 80% in males since 1980.The age-standardized incidence rates have increased 15% and 23% among males and females respectively.Tobacco consumption and chronic infections are the most significant risk factors for common cancers.Early-detection or screening programmes have been developed and introduced to prevent the formation of invasive malignant neoplasms,or to prevent death from certain cancers.The screening programmes were provided by statutory health insurance in Germany targeting cancers of the skin,colon,uterus,female breast and male prostate.