长春市138名7～12岁儿童口腔牙周健康状态调查

Prevalence of Periodontal Disease among Children Aged 7 to 12 Years Old in Changchun

目的:了解长春市小学7～12岁儿童牙周疾病患病状态及4种牙周致病菌检出情况,为进一步大规模系统的儿童口腔疾病调查提供依据。方法:以上颌第一磨牙颊面为被检部位,记录探诊后出血(bleeding on probing,BOP)联邦、探诊深度(probing depth,PD)后,判断牙龈指数(gingival index,GI),同时取龈上菌斑、应用PCR法检测4种牙周致病菌。结果:长春儿童牙龈炎患病率98.2%,探诊后出血阳性率为29.5%。被检部位PD≥4mm比例为12.7%,磨牙区PD≥4mm比例(18.2%)高于切牙区(7.3%)2.5倍。PD值随年龄增长探诊深度加深趋势。同部位检出3种以上牙周致病菌的比例,BOP阳性部位(33.3%)高于BOP阴性部位(19.6%),其差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论:长春市7～12岁儿童牙龈炎患病率高,磨牙区为牙周疾病好发部位,且患病程度重;随着年龄增长牙周疾病患病率增加、病情加重倾向,4种牙周致病菌检出与牙周临床指标相关,提示儿童时期进行牙周病早期预防非常必要。本研究为今后开展大规模系统的儿童牙周疾病调查奠定基础。

Objective： To evaluate the prevalence and distribution of periodontal disease among children aged 7 to12 years old,living in Changchun,China.and to provide the foundation for prevention and treatment strategies of periodontal disease.Methods： Periodontal examination,the gingival index（GI）,bleeding on probing（BOP） and probing depth（PD） were recorded.The plaque sample was collected from the right maxillary central incisor（11） and the right maxillary first molar（16）.Extracted DNA from plaque samples was used for PCR analysis.Results： The rate of gingivitis was almost 100%（98.2%）.The rate of BOP（＋） was 29.5%.12.7% of the subjects was PD≥4mm.In molars,the number of subjects with PD≥4mm was 18.2%,2.5 times that of incisors（7.3%）.The PD trend generally increased with aging.For children,the detection rates for over 3 types of pathogens were 33.3% in the positive BOP gingival,and 19.6% in negative BOP gingival,which showed statistically discrepancy.Conclusion： In juveniles,the periodontal conditions were deteriorated,the molars were most susceptible to periodontitis,which was severe and early,and the presence of periodontal pathogens was related to periodontal parameters,indicating the necessity of its early prevention.