减重药物的现状及进展

Anti-obesity Drugs:Status Quo and Recent Advances

肥胖症已成为危害全球人类健康的重要问题之一,糖尿病、高血压和心脑血管疾病乃至肿瘤等肥胖相关并发症的发病率和死亡率也显著增加,肥胖症的治疗成为临床医生面临的挑战。减重治疗能够预防甚至逆转肥胖症相关并发症的发生。目前公认的减重治疗仍是以科学合理控制饮食和规律运动的行为治疗,对于行为治疗失败或者已出现肥胖并发症的患者可考虑药物治疗。目前临床常用的减重药物包括胃肠道脂肪酶抑制剂、中枢食欲抑制剂等。新型的降糖药物胰高糖素样肽-1也被发现具有显著减重作用,而更多类型的减重药物也在积极的研发过程中,如选择性5-HT2 c激动剂、选择性β3受体激动剂和黑皮质素受体4激动剂等,有望成为减重治疗的药物选择之一。

Obesity has become a major health problem worldwide.The prevalence and morbidity of obesity-related diseases including diabetes,hypertension,cerebro-cardiovascular diseases,and tumors also have remarkably increased.Treatment of obesity poses a challenge for clinicians.Anti-obesity treatment is helpful to improve and even reverse obesity-related complications.Diet control and physical exercises remain the predominant interventions for obese patients.Anti-obesity drugs can be considered in those who respond poorly to behavioral intervention or those who have developed obesity-related complications.The commonly used anti-obesity drugs include gastrointestinal lipase inhibitors and appetite suppressants.Glucagon-like peptide 1 has also been found to be effective in reducing body weight.Some more drugs are under development,which include selective 5-HT2c agonist,β3 receptor agonist,and melanocortin receptor 4 agonist,may also be promising.