共时性与历时性:中国传统史学与西方近代史学的分途

Synchronism and Diachronism :the Different Emphasis of Chinese Traditional History and Western Modern History

求真与否不是中国传统史学与西方近代史学的分途,而是共途。西方近代史学的典型特征是强调历时性,核心内容在于探寻历史规律。中国传统史学的典型特征是强调共时性,核心思想在于阐明治乱之道,即以儒家学说为主体的价值体系。20世纪以降,中国史学革命愈发重视规律,西方史学的自我反思却愈发轻视规律。历史过程不能脱离时空成为抽象的存在,历史认识同样不能脱离共时性与历时性而抽象存在。将中西史学的共时性与历时性特征有机结合,或许有益于史学的未来发展。

Both Chinese Traditional History and Western Modern History had paid much attention to the reality of history,which is their common base.The Different Emphasis are Synchronism and Diachronism.On one side,a typical feature of Chinese Traditional History is its Synchronism,that is trying to find Daoism of nation.On the other side,a typical feature of western Traditional History is its Synchronism,that is trying to find law of history.From the 20th century on,both are changing and moving to its opposite side.Maybe they can help each other,and will be helpful to history in the future.