核工程中的炭素材料(英文)

CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS IN NUCLEAR ENGINEERING

石墨是最古老的一种堆芯材料，是核时代的助产士。ＣＭ 是高温气冷堆（ＨＴＲ）堆芯的基础材料，它与陶瓷核燃料及氦冷却剂一起赋予ＨＴＲ以冷却剂出口温度高、固有安全性好的优越发特性。ＣＭ 在ＨＴＲ中的工作条件恶劣，特别是高温和强辐照。文中介绍了炭素材料（ＣＭ）在核工程中的应用，给出了对核工程用ＣＭ 的要求，同时评述了国际上ＣＭ 的研究和发展工作及取得的成就，指出了进一步发展的方向。

Carbon in the form of graphite is an oldest reactor core material. It is graphite that brings the nuclear era into being. Application of carbonaceous materials (CM) in nuclear engineering is introduced. CM is the basic core material of high temperature gas cooled reactor (HTR). Together with ceramic fuel and helium coolant, CM renders HTR superior features of high coolant exit temperature and good inherent safety. Working condition of CM in HTR is harsh, especially under irradiation at high temperature. The demand on CM is put forward. International R & D efforts and the achievement obtained are reviewed. The need for further development of CM is mentioned.