疯草研究进展

Research progress of locoweed

疯草是指含有苦马豆素的豆科黄芪属和棘豆属有毒植物,动物疯草中毒病是危害草原畜牧业最严重的问题之一.苦马豆素是疯草的主要毒性成分,它能抑制动物细胞α-甘露糖苷酶和甘露糖苷酶Ⅱ的活性,影响低聚糖的代谢和糖蛋白的加工,导致低聚糖蓄积和糖蛋白合成障碍.中毒动物表现为行为异常、瘫痪、不育、流产、体质量下降,严重的发生死亡,造成巨大的经济损失.本文主要对疯草的毒性成分、中毒机理、化学防除和脱毒利用等方面的研究进行了综述,旨在为疯草中毒病的防治和疯草的利用提供思路和认识.

Locoweeds are toxic plants of the genera Astragalus and Oxytropis containing swainsonine.Locoism is one of the most widespread poisonous plant problems.Swainsonine is the principal agent responsible for locoism in animals and an potent inhibitor of lysosome α-mannosidase and golgi mannosidase Ⅱ in cell.Inhibition of the mannosidases in cells of mammals leads to an accumulation of mannose-rich oligosaccharides in the lysosomes or interferes with the synthesis of complex glycoproteins in cells.Affected animals appear as behavioural abnormality,paralysis,infertility,abortion,weight loss and eventually death.Consumption of locoweed by animals results tremendous economic losses.The toxicology,pathology and prevention of locoism were detailed described in this paper.