胡桃夹现象和胡桃夹综合征（附1例报告并文献复习）

Nutcracker phenomenon and Nutcracker syndrome：a case report and review of the literature

目的探讨胡桃夹现象（Nutcracker phenomenon，NCP）和胡桃夹综合征（nutcracker syndrome，NCS）的诊断及治疗。方法对1例NCP／NCS伴肉眼血尿患者的临床表现及诊断与治疗进行分析讨论。检索国内外医学数据库相关文献并复习。结果予抗感染治疗3天（生理盐水250ml＋头孢哌酮钠他唑巴坦钠2．5g·1支，静滴，1日2次）后，患者肉眼血尿消失，复查尿常规：尿潜血（-），尿蛋白（-），红细胞镜检：未贝／HP，白细胞：0-2／HP。出院后第1个月、第2个月随访复查尿常规未见明显异常，目前仍在随访。结论由于NCWNCS的诊断和治疗标准尚未建立，自然病史仍不清楚，该病的诊断标准和治疗方法选择存在不确定性；彩色多普勒超声检查可作为临床疑诊NCP／NCS患者的首选检查；对NCP和仅有轻微临床症状的NCS患者可予保守治疗，加强随访。

Objectives To explore the diagnosis and treatment of nutcracker phenomenon （NCP） and nutcracker syndrome（NCS）. Methods The clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of a 22 - year - old male patient with NCP/NCS was reported and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results The gross hematuria disappeared after 3 days of anti - infection treatment, and the re - examination of Urinary routine was normal. The urinary routine of the first month and second month after discharge was also normal, and the follow - up continues. Conclusions Diagnostic and treatment criteria are not well established. Insufficient knowledge of the natural history of these conditions results in uncertainty in treatment selection and diagnostic criteria. Doppler ultrasound is an effective tool to diagnose NCP/NCS. Conservative treatment is recommended for NCP and NCS with mild symptoms.