试论严复的社会主义民主观及其历史影响

On YAN Fu's Conception of Socialist Democracy and Its Historical Influence

19世纪下半叶中国社会与文化的深刻变化,西方进化论、经济学、社会学以及法学的兴起以及辛亥革命的失败分别构成了严复社会主义民主观形成的社会条件、理论基础和现实契机。所谓严复的思想悖论只不过是现代政治文明演进与中国现实国情之间的历史张力的体现,严复社会主义民主观就是在严复的思想转变过程中形成的;社会主义民主渊源论、社会主义民主本质论、社会主义民主步骤论以及社会主义民主途径论构成了严复社会主义民主观的丰富内涵;严复的社会主义民主观无论是对后来五四新文化运动的爆发、中国新民主主义革命道路的选择以及改革开放战略的实施等,都有着积极的历史影响。

The second half of the 19th century saw the profound changes in Chinese society and culture, the western Theory of Evolution, Economics, Sociology as well as the rise of Law and the failure of the Revolution of 1911 respectively, which constitute the social conditions, theoretical foundation and real opportunity of YAN Fu＇s socialist democracy. The socalled YAN Fu＇s conception paradox reflects the tension between modern political civilization＇ s evolution and China＇s actual conditions. Actually YAN Fu＇s ideology formed in the process of his thought transformation. And his theory of origins, essence, steps and ways for socialist democracy displays the rich connotation of YAN Fu＇s conception of socialist democracy. YAN Fu＇s socialist democratic theory has a positive historical influence on the outbreak of the May Fourth New Culture Movement, the decision on the revolution road for China new democracy and the implementation of reform and opening strategy.