郊区化时期的美国城市特点与政党发展格局变化探析

An Analysis of Features of American Cities and Development Pattern of Political Parties during Suburbanization

美国郊区化时期,中心城市人口逐渐减少,郊区人口迅速增加,同时中心城市的非裔比例不断提高,郊区也出现了族裔多元化发展的趋势,这对政党的发展格局产生了很大影响。郊区的繁荣发展和人口的增多,促进了以郊区为发展地域的共和党实力不断壮大,助推了共和党对20世纪下半期美国大选格局的控制局面。同时,中心城市人口的减少,使得以中心城市为主要发展地域的民主党在大选格局中明显处于劣势,直到20世纪末期,民主党才扭转了大选的颓势局面,此后郊区成为共和党与民主党竞争的战略要地。

The population of urban cities decreased and that of suburban cities increased rapidly during American Suburbanization.At the same time,The population of African American increased in urban cities,the trend of ethnic diversities had emerged in suburb areas,which made a great difference on the development pattern of political parties.The prosperity of suburb areas and the increased population promoted the growing strength of Republican Party which regarded suburb area as its development area,boosting the controlling situation of Republican Party to U.S.presidential election in second half of 20th century.Meanwhile,the population decline in urban cities made the Democratic Party which regarded urban cities as its development area in a weak situation.Democratic Party reversed the decline situation of general election till the end of 20th century,then the suburban area became the strategic competition land between Republican Party and Democratic Party.